Given the following data:

a. State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses for determining whether a difference exists in the median value for the four populations.
b. Based on the sample data, use the Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA procedure to test the null hypothesis. What conclusion should be reached using a significance level of 0.10? Discuss.
c. Determine the H -value adjusted forties.
d. Given the results in part b, is it necessary to use the H -value adjusted for ties? If it is, conduct the hypothesis test using this adjusted value of H . If not, explain why not.