A 5.1-g sample of CaCl₂ is dissolved in a beaker of water. Which of the following statements is true of this solution?

a. The solution will freeze at a lower temperature than pure water.

b. The solution has a higher vapor pressure than pure water.

c. The solution will boil at a lower temperature than pure water.

d. Water is the solute in this solution.

e. None of the other statements (a–d) are true.