Consider which is your favourite organization at the moment—any organization at all. It might be a retail chain where you shop, a social media site, a charity for which you volunteer, your employer, or the university where you study.

● What tacit or explicit knowledge provides a competitive advantage in terms of serving customers, users, stakeholders, or benefi ciaries especially well? Remember that, alongside explicit knowledge and tacit skills, collective knowledge can include routines, work practices, communication styles, patterns of decision-making, and social interaction, and the stories, jargon, and metaphors in use.

● Does this knowledge form a bundle that is valuable, rare, and, for other organizations, would be diffi cult to imitate or to fi nd a substitute for? Could it be described as a core competency of the organization?