After-tax cost of 401(k) contribution.

Luis Gomez is an operations manager for a large manufacturer. He earned $68,500 in 2018 and plans to contribute the maximum allowed to the firm’s 401(k) plan. Assuming that Luis is in the 24 percent tax bracket, calculate his taxable income and the amount of his tax savings. How much did it actually cost Luis on an after-tax basis to make this retirement plan contribution?

LO4, 5 8. Deciding between traditional and Roth IRAs. Elijah James is in his early 30s and is thinking about opening an IRA. He can’t decide whether to open a traditional/deductible IRA or a Roth IRA, so he turns to you for help.

a. To support your explanation, you decide to run some comparative numbers on the two types of accounts; for starters, use a 25-year period to show Elijah what contributions of $5,500 per year will amount to (after 25 years) if he can earn, say, 10 percent on his money. Will the type of account he opens have any impact on this amount? Explain.

b. Assuming that Elijah is in the 22 percent tax bracket (and will remain there for the next 25 years), determine the annual and total (over 25 years) tax savings he’ll enjoy from the $5,500-a-year contributions to his IRA. Contrast the (annual and total) tax savings he’d generate from a traditional IRA with those from a Roth IRA.

c. Now, fast-forward 25 years. Given the size of Elijah’s account in 25 years (as computed in part a), assume that he takes it all out in one lump sum. If he’s now in the 40 percent tax bracket, how much will he have, after taxes, with a traditional IRA as compared with a Roth IRA? How do the taxes computed here compare with those computed in part b? Comment on your findings.

d. Based on the numbers you have computed as well as any other relevant factors, what kind of IRA would you recommend to Elijah? Explain. Would knowing that maximum contributions are scheduled to increase to $7,000 per year make any difference in your analysis? Explain. L01