George Lindsey (1959) looked at box scores of more than 1000 baseball games and found the expected number of runs scored in an inning for each on-base and out situation to be as listed in the file P10_64.xlsx.

For example, if a team has a man on first base with one out, it scores 0.5 run on average until the end of the inning.

a. Use this data to explain why, in most cases, bunting with a man on first base and none out is a bad decision. In what situation might bunting with a man on first base and none out be a good decision?

b. You have a man on first base with one out. What probability of stealing second makes an attempted steal a good idea?