Are the following workers more likely to experience short-term unemployment or long-term unemployment? Explain.

a. a construction worker who is laid off because of bad weather

b. a manufacturing worker who loses his job at a plant in an isolated area

c. a stagecoach-industry worker who is laid off because of competition from railroads

d. a short-order cook who loses his job when a new restaurant opens across the street

e. an expert welder with little formal education who loses his job when the company installs automatic welding machinery