What is the appropriate type of forecasting method to use in each of the following scenarios:

a. Holiday Inn, Inc., is attempting to predict the demand next year for motel rooms, based on a history of demand observations.

b. Standard Brands has developed a newtype of outdoor paint.The company wishes to forecast sales based on new housing starts.

c. IBM is trying to ascertain the cost of a stock-out of a critical tape drive component.

They do so by sample survey of managers at various national spare parts centers. The surveys are sent back to the managers for a reassessment, and the process is repeated until a consensus is reached.