8.21∗ In Example 7.2, the annual reporting probabilities of dead birds are assumed to vary from year-to-year. The model adopted there has a separate reporting probability, λi, for the ith year of the study. An alternative approach to describing variation in the reporting probability is to treat it as a random effect, and give it a suitable distribution. Investigate how you would write down the likelihood for a model in which the reporting probability λ is treated as a random effect over time. Discuss whether random effects might be used elsewhere in models for the annual survival of wild animals.