In terms of race and ethnicity biases, were the data collection instruments screened so that the test content reflected various racial and ethnic minority groups? Was consideration given to cultural differences in terms of examinee readiness, motivation, and response set? Were racial and ethnic groups appropriately represented in the standardization group? Were examiner bias and language differences considered? Was reliability and validity established for racial and ethnic minority groups? Were systemic problems that might lead to differences in performance considered? Did the researcher check on the conceptual equivalence of the items for the different cultural groups?

Was the researcher aware of the level of acculturation for members of racial and ethnic minority groups? Were translated measures used appropriately? Did the researcher investigate the dominant language of the respondents?