Were instruments explored for gender bias? For example, were instruments used for both sexes that had only been validated for one sex? Did questions use sexist language?

Was consideration given to the sex of the test administrator? Were questions premised on the notion of sex-inappropriate behavior, traits, or attributes? Did the research instruments stress sex differences with the effect of minimizing the existence and importance of sex similarities? Was information about one sex obtained by asking people of the other sex about their behaviors, traits, or attributes and then treating such information as fact rather than opinion?