According to former Vice President Al Gore, "Classical economics defines productivity narrowly and encourages us to equate gains in productivity with economic progress. But the Holy Grail of progress is so alluring that economists tend to overlook the bad side effects that often accompany improvements" [Miller, 1997, p. A22]. Discuss whether or not this is a fair characterization of "classical economics." Gore also stated that we need to take "bold and unequivocal action . . . [to] make the rescue of the environment the central organizing principle for civilization." Suppose that you were a policymaker trying to decide what to do about automobile emissions. How might you use Gore's dictum as a framework for making your decision?