A monopolist, unite 0 competitive firm, has some market Nina. It can raise its price, without the quantity demanded falling to zero. The main way it retains its market hewer is through horrors to entry that is other Companies Gannet enter the market to create competition in that particular industry.

Complete the following by indicating which barrier to entry appropriately explains why a monopoly exists in each scenario.

Scenario Patents are granted to inventors of a product or process for a certain number of years. The reason for this is to encourage innovation in the economy. Without the existence of patents, it is argued, research and development for improved pharmaceutical products is unlikely to take place, since there's nothing preventing another firm from stealing the idea, copying the product, and producing it without incurring the development costs. In the natural gas industry, low average total costs are obtained only through large-scale production. In other words, the initial cost of setting up all the necessary pipes and hoses makes it risky and, most likely, unprofitable for competitors to enter the market. The Aluminum Company of America (Alcoa) formerly controlled all U.S. sources of bauxite, a key component in the production of aluminum. Given that Alcoa did not sell bauxite to any other companies, Alcoa was a monopolist in the U.S. aluminum industry from the late 19th century until the 1940s. Exclusive Ownership of a Key Resource Barriers to Entry Government- Created Monopolies Economies of Scale