In the following recipe for chocolate pound cake, identify the steps that are branches (selection) and loops, and the steps that make references to sub-algorithms outside the algorithm.

Preheat the oven to 350 degrees

Line the bottom of a 9-inch tube pan with wax paper

Else (for other shortenings) add 1 c minus 2 T of milk to the bowl

Add 1 t vanilla to the mixture in the bowl

If mixing with a spoon, then see the instructions in the introduction to the chapter on cakes

Else (for electric mixers) beat the contents of the bowl for 2 minutes at medium speed, scraping the bowl and beaters as needed

Add 3 eggs plus 1 extra egg yolk to the bowl

Melt 3 squares of unsweetened chocolate and add it to the mixture in the bowl

Beat the mixture for 1 minute at medium speed

Pour the batter into the tube pan

Put the pan into the oven and bake for 1 hour 10 minutes

Perform the test for doneness described in the introduction to the chapter on cakes

Repeat the test once each minute until the cake is done

Remove the pan from the oven and allow the cake to cool for 2 hours

Follow the instructions for removing the cake from the pan, given in the introduction to the chapter on cakes

Sprinkle powdered sugar over the cracks on top of the cake just before serving

Sift 234 c flour, 3/4 t cream of tartar, 1/2 t baking soda, 1/2 t salt, and 134 c sugar into a large bowl Add 1 c shortening to the bowl If using butter, margarine, or lard, then