Water flows steadily through the reducing elbow shown. The elbow is smooth and short, and the flow accelerates, so the effect of friction is small. The volume flow rate is Q =1.27 L/ s. The elbow is in a horizontal plane. Estimate the gage pressure at section (1). Calculate the x-component of the force exerted by the reducing elbow on the supply pipe.

Supply pipe T... D = 38.1 mm + L. Plan view P Reducing elbow d = 12.7 mm