Write a paper on typical attacks in the internet affecting confidentiality, integrity and availability at various layers:

Layer 1: physical

Layer 2: link

Layer 3: network

Layer 4: transport

Layer 5: application

(This is IP layering; in IP layering, roughly session, presentation and application of the OSI layers are combined into a single application layer). Pick one layer and describe typical attacks in that layer and the controls that are employed in the layer to minimize the attack or vulnerability that leads to the attack. For example, in the link layer, there is ARP spoofing and man-in-the-middle attacks. in the IP layer, there is packet sniffing. in the transport layer, there is the SYN flood attack causing denial of service.