04 Blood oxygen & altitude 8 Points The amount of oxygen obtained in each breath at high altitude can be as low as one-third of that obtained at sea level. Studies have begun to examine whether people living at high elevations have physiological attributes that compensate for the reduced availability of oxygen in the thin atmosphere at high altitudes. A reasonable expectation is that they should have more hemoglobin, the molecule that binds and transports oxygen in the blood. To test this, research (Beall et al., 2002) sampled blood from males in three high-altitude human populations: the high Andes, high-elevation Ethiopia, and Tibet, along with a sea-level population from the Atlantic coast of the USA. Data from this study are available on D2L in the hemoglobin data set. 04.1 1 Point Load this dataset in RStudio. a. How many observational units does it have? 1962 Last saved on May 25 at 7:23 PM 04.2 1 Point b. Given the the description of the research study above, which of the following best describes the observational units of this study? 0 human males 0 regions of the world O elevation above sea-level (9 hemoglobin levels 04.3 1 Point c. Given the the description of the research study above, which of the following is the explanatory variable of this study? 0 human males 0 regions of the world 0 elevation above sea-level O hemoglobin level Save Answer 04.4 1 Point d. Given the the description of the research study above, which of the following is the response variable of this study? 0 human males 0 regions of the world 0 elevation above sea-level O hemoglobin level Save Answer 04.5 1 Point Using the mean, median, and 5d commands, compute the mean, median, and standard deviation for the entire sample. Submit your answers rounded to four decimal places. Efuusampze = Enter your answer here Save Answer 04.6 1 Point ifuzisampie = Enter your answer here Save Answer 04.7 1 Point sfullsample = Enter your answer here Save Answer Q4.8 1 Point Use the boxplot ( ) command to create a plot of the participants' hemoglobin levels by region (HINT: pg. 35 of your course pack gives an example of creating side-by-side boxplots; pg. 30 lists optional commands you can use to customize the color and titles). Upload your plot below: Please select file(s) Select file(s) Save Answer Q5 Blood type & survival rate 3 Points In early 2020, medical researchers in China investigated the association between blood type (A, B, AB and O) and severity of COVID-19 symptoms. The researchers collected information about blood type from patients in Jinyintan hospital in Wuhan, China, in January 2020. The table below summarizes the information for a sample of 1215 patients from this investigation. COVID patients Survived Died Total Blood Type A 401 58 459 Blood Type B 286 35 321 Blood Type AB 109 13 122 Blood Type O 278 35 313 Total 1074 141 1215 For each of the following, express your answer as a decimal rounded to four decimal places (i.e., report 0.5377, not 53.77%)05.1 1 Point a. What proportion of the 1215 COVID-19 patients had blood type B? Enter your answer here Save Answer 05.2 1 Point b. What proportion of the 1215 COVlD-19 patients died? Enter your answer here Save Answer 05.3 1 Point c. If we randomly selected one of the 1215 patients, what is the likelihood that the patient had both blood type B and died? Enter your answer here Save Answer 06 Measures of central tendency 3 Points In a class of 25 students, 24 of them took an exam in class and 1 student took a make-up exam the following day. The professor graded the first batch of 24 exams and found a mean score of 74 points with a standard deviation of 8.9 points. The student who took the make-up the following day scored 58 points on the exam. a. Does the new student's score increase or decrease the mean score? [NOTEz Ignore this MC question, it is due to a platform error that will be avoided in future HW assignments.] 06.1 1 Point a. Does the new student's score increase or decrease the mean score? 0 increase 0 decrease 0 cannot be determined without more information Save Answer 06.2 1 Point b. What is the new mean? Answer to four decimal places. Enter your answer here 06.3 1 Point c. Does the new student's score increase or decrease the standard deviation of the scores? Write a 1-2 sentence justification of your decision. Enter your answer here Save Answer 07 Quick concept questions 3 Points For each statement, determine whether it is always true, sometimes true, or never true, by selecting the appropriate option. 07.1 1 Point a. If a distribution is severely right-skewed, the median value will be larger than the mean value. 0 Always true 0 Sometimes true 0 Never true Save Answer 07.2 1 Point b. Consider the following data set, which records the number of text messages sent by ve randomly selected students in the past hour; 1, 7, 9, 14, 20. If a sixth student is included in the data set, the standard deviation will increase. 0 Always true 0 Sometimes true 0 Never true Save Answer 07.3 1 Point c. When working with quantitative data, it is possible to add a single number that causes the mean to increase but also causes the median to decrease. 0 Always true 0 Sometimes true 0 Never true Save