07 B2 Instructions: Read the situational analysis to be able to internalize the facts. The main thrust or objective of the comprehensive examination is for you to develop a WHOLE VIEW of the situation; then come up with a theoretical framework or global approach by citing the theories or principles that are related to the situation. Corporate Social Responsibility Cases Many authors presented a multi-layered concept of corporate social responsibility that consists of four interrelated aspects: economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities. CSR has evolved into a complex concept that is now a key component of the corporate decision-making of several companies that are considered to be the frontrunners in integrating CSR. However, this evolution came with a cost that various companies had to pay. Campaigns and public scandals involving issues ranging from environmental pollution to child labor and racial discrimination resulted in unwanted media attention. This raises the question of whether reputation damage is the main motivation behind the adoption of CSR policies by companies. Companies such as Apple, Canon, Coca-Cola, and Walmart have been involved in environmental and social conflicts. Coca-Colas conflicts for example-the report provided evidence of the presence of pesticides, to a level exceeding European standards in a sample of a dozen Coca-Cola beverages sold in India. The main allegations made by the Indian NGO Center for Science and Environment against Coca-Cola were that it sold products containing unacceptable levels of pesticides, and was accused of water pollution by discharging wastewater into fields and rivers surrounding Coca-Colas plants where it was situated. Walmart was caught using child labor in factories in Bangladesh. There were reported suicides at Apples manufacturer of iPhones and iPads, Foxconn. Concerning workers health and safety conditions at Apple, two workers were killed and sixteen employees were injured during an explosion at Foxconn. While Canon has a detailed and clear CSR violation but has not faced any major scandals such as Apple, Coca-Cola, and Walmart. The Profile of the four (4) companies: A. Apple is a world leader in producing innovative electronic goods and technology. Apple worldwide employs 60,400 full-time people and 2,900 temporary employees and contractors. The company utilizes outsourcing through the manufacturing of its products overseas; most of the factories are located in Asia. B. Canon was founded in 1937. Its headquarters are in Japan and the company is listed on the NYSE. Although the digital camera is the most well-known product to consumers, Canon also produces devices for office and industrial use. Canons regional headquarters are established on every continent and they form the Canon Group. Canon has a global network of more than 200 companies and employs more than 160,000 people worldwide. C. Coca-Cola is a local soda producer in Atlanta, Georgia (US) selling about nine beverages per day. The company had begun expanding internationally, selling its products first in the Caribbean and Canadian markets and then moving in consecutive decades to Asia, Europe, South America, and the Soviet Union. By the end of the 20th century, the company was selling its products in almost every country in the world. The company became the largest manufacturer, distributor, and marketer of non-alcoholic beverages and syrups in the world. Coca-Cola is a publicly-held company listed on the New York Stock Exchange. D. Walmart has a full offering of groceries and general merchandise in a single store. Walmart offers its customers a one-stop shopping experience and is the largest private employer in the US as well as the worlds largest retailer. It has more than 10,130 retail units under 69 different banners in 27 countries. They all share a common goal: Saving people money so they can live better. Walmart employs 2.2 million associates worldwide. Questions: 1. What responsibilities do businesses owe society to self-regulate their actions in pursuit of profit? What is the relationship between a business and the societies within which it operates? (20 points) 2. How do the four companies effectively and efficiently reduce the specific environmental and social impacts and bring benefits to the economy and the environment? (20 points) 3. If you are the CSR Consultant of the four companies, propose and discuss three (3) recommendations to improve and sustain their CSR. (20 points) 4. What solutions or strategies should you propose to include damage-control measures that will address the issues or conflicts in the four cases above? (20 points) 5. Proposed a framework that evaluates the four dimensions of CSR to address the above conflicts. (20 points)