1 1. 1.The exploration tour of statistics in Chapter 1 began in the year a. 2000 b. 1940 c. 1900 d. 1960 5 points QUESTION 2 1.The person in the Chapter 1 tour of statistics in who introduced analysis of variance was a. Karl Pearson b. Ronald Fisher c. Jacob Cohen d. Jerzy Neyman 5 points QUESTION 3 1.Albert Bandura promotes cognitive therapy. In one study (Bandura, Blanchard, and Ritter, 1969), 48 volunteers who wanted to rid themselves of a snake phobia were randomly assigned to therapy groups. One group watched a film in which actors (models) handled a four-foot king snake. If participants began to get anxious, they stopped the film and relaxed until they were ready to continue. A second group watched a live model handle the snake and was encouraged to join in when they felt like it. A third group received desensitization therapy. A fourth group served as an untreated control group. After the therapy sessions the number of snake-approach responses was recorded for each participant. (Group 2 showed the most.) In this experiment the independent variable was a. kinds of therapy; b. number of snake approaches; c. kind of snake d. method of assignment to groups. 5 points QUESTION 4 1.Kaycee was interested in social loafing, which is that individuals do less work in groups than they do when working alone. For her Research Methods project, all participants worked in a group with two others. The task was to find words in a square display of letters. Some participants were told they would be scored individually and some were told that their effort would add to the group score. The actual analysis was on the number of words found by a group. The independent variable was a. number of words found; b. number of groups; c. what participants were told; d. number of participants in a group. 5 points QUESTION 5 1.When the deviation scores, (), are examined, your text noted two mathematical characteristics of the mean. These two characteristics involved a. the maximum size of the mean and the minimum size of the mean b. the size of the deviations when the mean is positive and the size when the mean is negative c. the sum of the deviations and the size of the sum of the squared deviations d. the maximum size of the deviations and their minimum size 5 points QUESTION 6 1.A distribution of scores had a mean of 30 and a median of 40. In the usual case of continuous data, the distribution is a. positively skewed; b. negatively skewed; c. symmetrical; d. need to know the mode to make a decision. 5 points QUESTION 7 1.A negative number is possible when you calculate the range the interquartile range; the variance; deviation score. 5 points QUESTION 8 1.The advantage of using z scores over using raw scores is that z scores allow you to a. compare a score in one distribution to a score in another; b. understand the relationship of a score to the mean; c. both of the descriptive alternatives; d. neither of the descriptive alternatives. 5 points QUESTION 9 1.From a boxplot of a distribution you can determine the a. standard deviation of the distribution; b. variance of the distribution; c. skew of the distribution; d. all of the other alternatives are correct. 5 points QUESTION 10 1.The effect size estimate, d , is useful because it a. provides information about the relationship between two groups; b. shows the effect the independent variable has on the dependent variable; c. allows direct comparisons to other studies; d. all of the other alternatives are correct. 5 points QUESTION 11 1.The sum of the cross-products is a. +; b. () (); c. both descriptive alternatives are correct; d. neither of the descriptive alternatives is correct. 5 points QUESTION 12 1.Psychologists demonstrated that number of hours spent in class is correlated to grades in that class. The correlation between the number of hours in class and grades is a. positive; b. negative; c. zero; d. not determinable from the information given. 5 points QUESTION 13 1.Which statement below is correct? a. A Pearson correlation coefficient is appropriate for describing a curved relationship that exists between two variables. b. Correlation coefficients can be used to establish cause and effect relations. c. both descriptive alternatives are correct; d. neither of the descriptive alternatives is correct. 5 points QUESTION 14 1.On the normal curve, a point of inflection is a. the highest point on the curve; b. either of the lowest points; c. both the highest point on the curve or one of the lowest points; d. neither the highest point on the curve nor one of the lowest points. 5 points QUESTION 15 1.When your text addressed the question of how universal the normal curve is in psychological data, it quoted an article that described normal curves as a. rare or improbable; b. found in well over half the data; c. found for almost all the data; d. common in psychology data but rare in biological data. 5 points QUESTION 16 1.If an empirical distribution is converted to z scores the new a. mean will be zero; b. standard deviation will be zero; c. both of the descriptive alternatives; d. neither of the descriptive alternatives. 5 points QUESTION 17 1.If you knew that scores were distributed normally and you wanted to find the number of people who scored between 150 and 175, you would need to know a. the number in the population; b. the mean of the population; c. the standard deviation of the population; d. all of the other alternatives are correct. 5 points QUESTION 18 1.A standard error is a measure of central tendency; variability; correlation; none of the other alternatives are correct. 5 points QUESTION 19 1.Suppose you had a rectangular distribution (like that of the playing cards, pictured in Chapter 7). Suppose you drew many, many random samples of 25 scores and found the mean. If these means were arranged into a frequency distribution, you would expect the distribution to be rectangular; bimodal; either of the descriptive alternatives are correct; neither of the descriptive alternatives is correct. 5 points QUESTION 20 1.For a sample with scores of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, the 95 percent confidence interval about the population mean is a. 1.04 to 4.96; b. 1.18 to 4.82; c. 1.24 to 4.76; d. none of the other alternatives are correct; answer is ____________ 5 points QUESTION 21 1.When statisticians talk about effect size, they are referring to a. the probability of a Type II error b. whether the significance level was large or small; c. whether thelevel was large or small; d. how different the sample mean was from the null hypothesis mean 5 points QUESTION 22 1.For a one-sample design , which of the following would be considered a small effect size? a. any negative number; b. any negative number that is close to zero; c. numbers that are close to 1.96; d. none of the other alternatives are correct. 5 points QUESTION 23 1.The regression equation is = 29.29 - 0.96X, the sample size is 8, and the standard error of the slope is 0.22. What is the test-statistic to test the significance of the slope? a. z = -4.364 b. z = +4.364 c. . t = -4.364 d. t = -0.960 5 points QUESTION 24 1.Consider independent simple random samples that are taken to test the difference between the means of two populations. The variances of the populations are unknown, but are assumed to be equal. The sample sizes of each population are n 1 = 37 and n 2 = 45. The appropriate distribution to use is the: a. t distribution with df = 82. b. t distribution with df = 81. c. t distribution with df = 41. d. t distribution with df = 80. 5 points QUESTION 25 1.Differences that fall into the rejection region are considered to be a. significant; b. not significant; c. errors; d. unfortunate because the experiment will have to be run again. QUESTION 26 1.The restriction that is built into the calculation of the standard error of the mean, the restriction that causes df to be N - 1, is that a. N must be small; b. standard errors must be positive numbers; c. a random sample must be used; d. the sum of the deviation scores must be zero. 5 points QUESTION 27 1.In which of the following would an increasefrom a smaller number to a larger numberproduce a more powerful statistical test? a. ; b. N ; c. both of the descriptive alternatives are correct; d. neither of the descriptive alternatives is correct. 5 points QUESTION 28 1.A group of 36 subjects was equally divided into 3 groups. A Tukey HSD produced a value that led to the conclusion that Mean 1 was significantly larger than Mean 2, p < .05. Which of the following situations would lead to such a conclusion? = 9, = 2, MS error = 50; = 24,= 14, MS error = 84; both of the descriptive alternatives are correct; neither of the descriptive alternatives are correct. 5 points QUESTION 29 1.. To distribute the effect of extraneous variables equally among treatments, you should a. use randomassignment of participants to conditions; b. have distributions that are about normal; c. have variances that are about equal; d. all of the descriptive alternatives are correct. 5 points QUESTION 30 1.. Suppose the cell means for a factorial ANOVA are presented as a line graph. Which of the following would indicate there was no significant interaction? a. crossed lines; b. converging lines; c. both crossed lines and converging lines; d. neither crossed lines nor converging lines.