1. (30 points) The I-405 Freeway in Southern California is notorious for being one of the most congested freeways in the United States. In 2016, the Orange County Transportation Authority (OCTA) along with California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) proposed the I-405 Freeway Improvement Program, to enhance freeway and interchange capacity, level of service, safety, and reliability. The program involves widening the 16-mile I-405 San Diego Freeway corridor between State Route 73 (SR-73) and Interstate 605 (I-605). A new General Purpose Lane is proposed to be added in each direction along with making improvements to freeway entrances, exits, bridges, and arterials leading up to the freeway ramps. In addition, the program will add I-405 Express Lanes, incorporating the existing carpool lane along with adding a new carpool lane in each direction. The Express Lanes would allow Single Occupant Vehicles to speed up their commute by paying a toll, and carpoolers to use the lane for free except during peak hour. The program aims to reduce the travel time on General Purpose lanes during peak hour in the year 2040 to 20 minutes, from an estimated 40 minutes in a no-build alternative scenario. The total cost estimate is around $1.9 billion, financed through a 50 -cent sales tax in Orange County, state funds, and a $600 million federal government loan. a. List several potential projects (at least 3 ) and the activities (at least 2 per project) associated with this program. (12 points) b. Discuss 6 possible constraints and identify each constraint as one of the following types: (18 points) i. Physical, Technological, Economic/Financial/Funding, Social, Equality, Equity, Ecological/Environmental, or Political Each constraint discussion should be a 2-4-sentence paragraph