$1\mathrm{.}4$ Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements.

a$.$ Translator programs called convert programs written in high$-$level languages into machine language.

b$.$ A places a program in memory so that it can be executed.

c$.$ A is the smallest data item in a computer.

d$.$ are composed of characters or bytes.

e$.$ A is a collection of data organized for easy access and manipulation.

f$.$ C programs typically go through six phases to be executed. These are and

g$.$ a Web $2\mathrm{.}0$ technology, helps Internet$-$based applications perform like desktop applications.

h$.,$ based on the Linux kernel and Java, is the fastest growing mobile and smartphone operating system.

$1\mathrm{.}5$ Discuss the meaning of each of the following phases of execution:

a$.$ Linking.

b$.$ Loading.

c$.$ Execution.

$1\mathrm{.}6$ What are standard input, output, and error streams?