$(15$ Minutes$)$

Learning Objectives and Outcomes

In this lab you will learn about the terminology, structure, and processing of the command line including arguments, options, built$-$ins,

corrections, and pathname expansion.

Reading

Read "The Command Line" starting in Sobell, up to the section titled "Simple Commands"..

Procedure

In comments $($#$),$ answer the following questions

On a command line, what is a token?

What is an argument?

What is an option?

How can you usually distinguish an argument from an option?

Review the previous labs for help on identifying the following commands.

Display one or more command lines in each of the following categories:

A command line with zero arguments

A command line with one argument

A command line with two arguments

A command line with one option and one argument

Most utilities have many options. You can read the man page to learn which options a utility accepts.

Use the Is $-r($reverse$)$ option

Use Is $-r$ and combine it with the $-l$ option.

Use the $cp-r($recursive$)$ option to copy a directory hierarchy.

Use the head $-n($substitute a number for $n)$ option to display the first $n$ lines of a file instead of the default $10$

Use the same option with tail.

In comments $($#$),$ answer the following questions

What is a builtin $($Sobell$)?$

How does a builtin differ from a utility?

Use the builtins man page $($front part only$)$

Choose and use a builtin command.

The echo builtin copies its arguments to the screen.

Use the following command line:

$ echo hi there

Use the repeat previous line capability $($up arrow$)$ to repeat the command line without retyping it $($Sobell$)?$

Edit the previous command $($use arrows$)$ to replace hi with hello $($Sobell$)$

Using pathname expansion $($Sobell$),$ list the files in the $/$usr$/$bin directory that have the characters ab anywhere in their names.

List the files in the $/$usr$/$bin directory that begin with the letter $u.$

List the files in the $/$usr$/$bin directory that begin with un$.$

List the files in the $/$usr$/$bin that have names that are one character long.

List the files in your home directory that begin with a period followed by the letters bash $(.$bash$).$