$19.$ Which of the following is not required for a corporation to be classified as a small business corporation and be eligible to make an S corporation election in $2012?$

a$.$ The corporation must have $100$ or fewer shareholders.

b$.$ The corporation must be a domestic corporation.

c$.$ The corporation must have both common and preferred stock.

d$.$ The shareholders of the corporation must not be nonresident aliens.

e$.$ All shareholders must be one of the following: individuals, estates, certain trusts, or financial institutions.