1. (a) Define a Geographic Information System and explain how it supports decision making.
(b) Describe the three characteristics of a digital firm.
(c) Outline the five steps in an ethical analysis.
(d) Define the term risk assessment in relation to information systems and explain how it is conducted.

2. (a) Define the term Business Process Re-engineering (BPR).
(b) Explain how BPR differs from Business Process Management.
(c) Describe the steps required for effective re-engineering.

3. (a) Identify two objectives of Information System [Software] Project Management
(b) Explain the significance of effective software project management.
(c) Outline various software project management activities
(d) Describe the major costs and benefits of information systems projects.
(e) Distinguish between tangible and intangible benefits in information systems projects.