1. A pigeon in a classical conditioning experiment is presented with a light prior to receiving grain, which naturally elicits pecking. Following repeated presentations of the light and the grain, the light eventually comes to elicit pecking on its own when it is presented in the absence of grain on certain trials. Neutral stimulus: Unconditioned stimulus: Unconditioned response: Conditioned stimulus: Conditioned response: 2. Beth was over at Jessica's apartment when she had the opportunity to smoke marijuana. To set the mood, Jessica turned on her favorite smooth jazz album, which Beth had never heard before. When it was Beth's turn to smoke, she inhaled deeply and within seconds felt relaxed in response to the THC present in the marijuana smoke. In the coming months, Beth repeated paired the stimuli present that evening - the smooth jazz and marijuana smoking - on many occasions. Several years later, Beth still feels a slight sense of relaxation whenever she listens to smooth jazz. Neutral stimulus: Unconditioned stimulus: Unconditioned response: Conditioned stimulus: Conditioned response: 3. Maggie recently downloaded a new ringtone to play on her cell phone whenever her boyfriend, Jason, calls. Later that same day, the ringtone sounded when he called. When Maggie answered the phone, Jason began yelling at her for leaving the door to their apartment unlocked. Maggie was so upset and saddened by Jason's yelling on that one occasion that she now feels a sense of dread whenever she hears the ringtone sound on her phone. Neutral stimulus: Unconditioned stimulus: Unconditioned response: Conditioned stimulus: Conditioned response: 4. Julio's upstairs neighbor began a new workout regimen that involves lifting heavy weights. At the beginning of his neighbor's workout, he always plays loud rap music to get himself in the mood. Throughout the neighbor's workout, he will unpredictably drop a heavy dumbbell on the floor right above Julio's room, resulting in a sudden crashing sound that always startles him. After a few days of this routine, he begins to feel anxious whenever he hears the loud rap music begin to play from upstairs. Neutral stimulus: Unconditioned stimulus: Unconditioned response: Conditioned stimulus: Conditioned response: