1. A primary source of stockholders' equity is

a.income retained by the corporation.

b.appropriated retained earnings.

c. contributions by stockholders'.

d.both incomes retained by the corporation and contributions by stockholders'.

2. The preemptive right of a common stockholder is the right to

a. share proportionately in corporate assets upon liquidation.

b. share proportionately in any new issues of stock of the same class.

c. receive cash dividends before they are distributed to preferred stockholders.

d. exclude preferred stockholders' from voting.