1 A stubborn belief, of how business should be done, that must be overcome in order to implement an operational innovation. 2 Any factor that prevents a system or process from achieving a higher level of performance. 3 A strategy that focuses on setting a product or service offering apart from the competition, making it unique. 4 A generic process that is the primary aim of any business entity. 1. Value Creation 2. Differentiation 3. Constraint 4. Constraining Assumption