1. According to Haney (2020), what are the major risk factors for criminal behavior? What are some potential mediating factors? What do you think about the risk factors identified? Are any missing?

2. According to Papalia et al. (2018), what are some challenges with existing research that has demonstrated a relationship between child sex abuse and criminal offending? What did Papalia et al. (2018) find based on their own critical synthesis of the existing literature? How can future research continue to examine this complicated relationship in more depth? 3. What is the research question that Portnoy et al. (2013) sought to answer with their research study? What did they find? How can these findings be used to help us continue to understand criminal behavior?

4. What did you find most interesting about this week's articles on risk and protective factors?

5. What did you find most confusing about this week's articles on risk and protective factors? Do you have any questions about the material discussed?

Haney, C. (2020). Risks and contexts: An alternative paradigm for understanding criminality. In C. Haney, Criminality in context: The psychological foundations of criminal justice reform (pp. 49-85). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000172-003

Papalia, N., Luebbers, S., & Ogloff, J. R. P. (2018). Child sexual abuse and the propensity to engage in criminal behaviour: A critical review and examination of moderating factors. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 43, 71-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2018.10.007

Portnoy, J., Chen, F. R., & Raine, A. (2013). Biological protective factors for antisocial and criminal behavior. Journal of Criminal Justice, 41, 292-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2013.06.018