1- According to Robert Nozick, the state is justified to tax a citizen (even against his or her will) if: a) the revenues support things like healthcare and education, which improve the life-prospects of all citizens. b) all citizens are required to pay the same percentage of their income. c) the majority enacts the taxation. d) doing so leads to the greatest happiness of society as a whole. e) the taxes are used to support nothing more than a minimal state. 2- Nozick's Wilt Chamberlain example (updated by Professor Sandel to the Michael Jordan example) is supposed to illustrate that ... a) ... liberty upsets patterns and, therefore, patterned conceptions of justice require illegitimate restrictions of liberty. b) ... liberty upsets patterns and, therefore, the entitlement conception of justice (justice in holdings and justice in transfer) requires illegitimate restrictions of liberty. c) ... liberty does not upset patterns and, therefore, patterned conceptions of justice are more plausible than the entitlement conception of justice (justice in holdings and justice in transfer). d) ... no matter how just an initial distribution may be, voluntary interaction among free agents will always lead to injustice. e) ... there is no such thing as a just distribution of goods. 3- Locke's purpose in examining the "state of nature" is: a) to show how primitive human beings lived before they formed societies. b) to determine the natural rights of human beings and, thereby, the legitimate extent of political power. c) to show that all governments represent at least marginal improvements to the state of nature. d) to show why the state of nature is inadequate for determining what our fundamental rights should be. e) to show that the right to property obtains in the state of nature but not in civil society. 4- According to Locke, is private property possible in the state of nature? a) Yes. According to Locke, anyone can lay claim on something without having to do anything. b) No. According to Locke, the earth is given to men in common. c) Yes. According to Locke, mixing one's labor with an unowned thing is a sufficient condition for coming to own it. d) No. According to Locke, the idea of private property is conceptually dependent on a conception of justice. e) Yes. According to Locke, one can come to own something by mixing one's labor with it and provided there is enough, and as good, left for others. 5-Which of the following best characterizes the difference between Locke and Nozick on the issue of unalienable rights? a) Nozick thinks that I own myself, and that this means I may do whatever I want with myself including, for instance, selling myself into slavery. Locke agrees, but warns that selling myself into slavery is unlikely to make me happy. b) Nozick thinks that I own myself, and that this means I may do whatever I want with myself including, for instance, selling myself into slavery. Locke disagrees. He thinks there are certain rights that I may not alienate, no matter how badly I might want to. c) Nozick, as a libertarian, thinks that my right to liberty is the most important right, and so I could never alienate my liberty for any reason. Locke, on the other hand, thinks I can alienate my liberty for the purpose of protecting my life and property. d) Both Nozick and Locke admit that there are unalienable rights. They disagree only about which ones are unalienable. e) Nozick thinks that because our rights are a gift from God, we could never alienate them. Locke thinks we should sometimes alienate them, since they were given to us by God to use as we please