1. An education professor is interested in whether having taken a gap year before starting college is associated with academic performance. She collects data on academic performance and gap year status of first year students taking general education classes in three semesters at a large state university. Use the following data (Table 1, below) to test to hypothesis that student who took time off between high school and college are more likely to excel in general education classes than student who did not take time off. (HINT: to determine which calculations you will need to complete this hypothesis test, you should first review what levels of measurement your variables are.) Table 1. Frequencies of "time off" and GPA range Took time off Went straight from TOTAL between HS and HS into college college GPA in A or B range 126 909 1035 GPA in C or below 28 428 456 range TOTAL 154 1337 1491 a. State your null and alternative hypotheses. b. Select your alpha level and determine your critical value. c. Using the correct hypothesis test, calculate the test statistic. Fully show all calculations. d. Comparing your calculated and critical values, make a decision about the null hypothesis. e. Discuss what these results mean, in plain English. (HINT: refer to the cell percentages.)