1. A(n) ______ is a property of people or objects that can take two or more values.

A. unit of analysis

B. variable

C. level of measurement

D. theory

2. The variable the researcher wants to explain ("the effect") is called the ______.

A. explanatory variable

B. independent variable

C. theoretical variable

D. dependent variable

3. A research study examining employee health in the work place is likely using ______ as the unit of analysis.

A. gender

B. health status

C. employment status

D. the organization

4. The categories used in the 2010 General Social Survey for the variable highest educational degree include the following: less than high school, high school, junior college, college, graduate school. Identify the level of measurement for this variable.

A. nominal

B. ordinal

C. interval-ratio

D. unit of analysis

5. According to the following table, which level of measurement is the variable "highest grade of school completed"?

Person	Highest Grade of School Completed
Person 1	12
Person 2	14
Person 3	14
Person 4	10
Person 5	14
Person 6	16
Person 7	15
Person 8	12
Person 9	16
Person 10	14

A. nominal

B. ordinal

C. interval-ratio

D. unit of analysis

6. The sum of all proportions in a frequency distribution should sum to ______.

A. 0

B. 1

C. 100

D. N.

7. What is the major difference between frequency distributions for nominal and ordinal variables?

A. number of actual events or occurrences

B. number of possible events or occurrence

C. difference of number of actual events or occurrences from number of possible events or occurrence

D. the order in which the categories are listed

8. In a sample of 6,000 respondents, men account for 35% of all observations in the sample. What is the total number of females in the sample?

A. 1,500

B. 200

C. 3,900

D. 4,000

9. According to the table below, what percentage of people do not disagree in some capacity or another?

Homosexuals Should Have the Right to Marry, 2006
	f	cum %
Strongly agree	307	15.5
Agree	391	35.2
Neither agree nor disagree	260	48.3
Disagree	329	64.9
Strongly disagree	695	100.0

1. 15.5%
2. 35.2%
3. 64.9%
4. 48.3%

10. The ______ is the appropriate measure of central tendency for nominal variables.

A. mode

B. median

C. mean

D. percentile

11. Which measure of central tendency is obtained by adding up all of the scores and then dividing by the total number of scores?

A. mode

B. median

C. mean

D. percentile

12. What is the mode for the following distribution of scores: 45, 9, 21, 34, 62, 97, 34?

A. 45

B. 34

C. 21

D. 43.1

13. Consider the following distribution of scores: 7, 7, 9, 10, 12. Which score corresponds to the 50th percentile in this distribution?

A. 7.0

B. 9.0

C. 8.5

D. 12

14. Which of the following measures of central tendency is sensitive to extreme scores in a distribution?

A. mean

B. median

C. mode

D. percentile

15. Distributions that have many extreme low values are described as ______.

A. symmetrical

B. negatively skewed

C. positively skewed

D. bimodal

16. With respect to the following table, which of the statements are TRUE?

Subject	Number of Students
History	11
International Relations	8
Chemistry	9
Philosophy	3
Mathematics	7
Biology	11

A. There is one mode and it is History.

B. There is one mode and it is 11.

C. There are two modes and they are both 11.

D. There are two modes and they are History and Biology.

17. Calculate the value of the median for the following distribution.

State	Proportion of Residents Without Health Insurance
Louisiana	.19
New Jersey	.13
New York	.16
Pennsylvania	.11
Rhode Island	.09
South Carolina	.13
Texas	.25
Washington	.14
Wisconsin	.10

1. .19
2. .11
3. .13
4. .10

18. Numbers that describe diversity in a distribution are referred to as measures of ______.

A. central tendency

B. association

C. variability

D. standard deviation

19. How can an IQV of .35, which describes the level of racial diversity in a southern U.S. state, be interpreted?

A. Thirty-five respondents account for the total amount of variability in the state.

B. Thirty-five respondents do not account for the total amount of variability in the state.

C. There is more variability for 35% of the respondents compared to the remaining 65%.

D. The southern state of interest sees 35% of the maximum possible racial differences.

20. The width of the middle 50% of a distribution, defined as the difference between the third and first quartiles, is referred to as the ______.

A. interquartile range

B. range

C. standard deviation

D. variance

21. Which measure of variability is the average of the squared deviations from the mean and is used for interval-ratio variables?

A. IQV

B. interquartile range

C. variance

D. standard deviation

22. Which three quantities are needed to calculate the variance?

A. mean, median, and mode

B. mean, observed Y, N

C. median, observed Y, N

D. mean, standard deviation, N

23. Calculate the range for the following subsample: 2, 7, 4, 4, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1, 2, 4, 5.

A. 4

B. 2

C.6

D. 5

24. What percentage of the area under the normal curve falls between 2 standard deviations?

A. 99.72

B. 95.46

C. 68.26

D. 20.0

25. The ______ is the number of standard deviations that a given raw score is above or below the mean.

A. mean

B. frequency distribution

C. variance

D. standard (Z) score

26. Suppose that in a particular sample, the mean is 70.07 and the standard deviation is 10.27. What is the Z score that corresponds to a raw score of 80?

A. 0.97

B. 6.82

C. 9.93

D. 14.61

27. For a Z score of zero, what is the proportion of area between the mean and the Z score?

A. 0.0

B. 0.05

C. 0.50

D. 1.0

28. To find proportion of the area under the normal curve between two Z scores that are both above the mean, it is necessary to examine the ______.

A. quotient obtained by dividing the larger Z score by the smaller

B. product obtained by multiplying the smaller Z score by the larger Z score

C. difference between the areas beyond each Z score

D. sum of the areas associated with each Z score

29. To find proportion of the area under the normal curve between two Z scores, one below the mean and the other above the mean, it is necessary to examine the ______.

A. sum of the areas between each Z score and the mean

B. difference of the areas between each Z score and the mean

C. sum of the areas beyond each Z score and the mean

D. difference of the areas beyond each Z score and the mean

30. To find the percentile rank of a given score, it is necessary to determine the area ______.

A. between the mean and the Z score

B. below the Z score

C. above the Z score

D. equal to the mean

31. A relatively small subset from a group that includes all of the cases that a researcher is interested is referred to as a ______.

A. sample

B. population

C. case

D. data set

32. A method of sampling that enables researchers to specify for each case in the population the probability of its inclusion in the sample is referred to as ______ sampling.

A. inclusionary

B. case

C. probability

D. density

33. When the size of the sample selected from a subgroup is proportional to the size of that subgroup in the entire population, we refer to this as ______.

A. systematic random sampling

B. proportionate stratified sampling

C. stratified cluster sampling

D. disproportionate stratified sampling

34. A theoretical probability distribution of all possible sample values for the statistics in which we are interested in is referred to as a ______.

A. sample

B. sampling distribution

C. population

D. sampling frequency

35. Which of the following two qualities are used to calculate the standard error of the mean?

A. sample mean and population mean

B. sample mean and sample standard deviation

C. population standard deviation and sample size

D. population standard deviation and sample mean

36. If all possible random samples of size N are drawn from a population with a mean of m_yand a standard deviation of s_y, then as N becomes larger, the sampling distribution of sample means becomes approximately normal with a mean of and a standard deviation of . This statement is known as the ______.

A. sampling frame

B. sampling distribution

C. central sampling theorem

D. central limit theorem

37. In a simple random sample, ______.

A. every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected

B. the population is approximately normal with the mean, median, and mode being approximately equal

C. the mean is equal to the mode

D. the mean of N is always equal to the standard deviation

38. What is the notation for the sample mean?

39. In a simple random sample,______.

A. the population is divided into subgroups based on one or more variables

B. K = population size/sample size

C. every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen

D. every combination of N members has an unequal chance of being chosen

40. In a population of 250 students, 60% are Whites, 20% are Latinos, 15% are Blacks, and 5% others. In a proportionate stratified random sample of 120,______.

A. the number of Whites selected is 74

B. the number of Blacks selected is 50

C. the number of Latinos selected is 37

D. the number of other racial and ethnicity background selected is 6

Bonus questions (1 questions; 10 pts/q):

1. What are the properties of Normal Distribution?