$1.$ Assume the following expenses are allowable under the Code. Does the deduction fall under $62,$ may it be claimed as a $67($b$)$ deduction, or does it fall into the $67($g$)$ black hole for deductions?

$($a$)$ Employer, an individual, pays the cost of Employer$$s business transportation.

$($b$)$ Employee pays the cost of her business transportation and is not reimbursed by Employer.

$($c$)$ Same as $($b$),$ above, except that Employee substantiates the business transportation expenses and Employer reimburses Employee under an accountable plan. How should Employee treat the expenses and reimbursement on her return? What result to Employer? See I.R$.$C$.62($a$)(2)($A$),($c$)$; Reg $1\mathrm{.}622($c$)(4).$

$($d$)$ Same as $($c$),$ above, except that Employee incurs both $(1)$ business transportation expenses, which are substantiated to Employer under an accountable plan, and $(2)$ business travel expenses which Employee pays out$-$of$-$pocket. Employer reimburses Employee only for the business transportation expenses substantiated under the accountable plan. See Reg. $1\mathrm{.}622($c$)(4)$ & $(5).$

$($e$)$ Employee incurs business transportation expenses. Employer gives Employee an allowance for business transportation. Employee does not substantiate the costs and may retain the allowance. See Reg. $1\mathrm{.}622($c$)(5).$

$($f$)$ Employee makes payments for medical expenses, charitable contributions, for taxes on her residence, and interest on a note secured by a mortgage on the residence.

$($g$)$ Same as $($f$),$ above, except that the taxes and interest relate to a residence that Employee rents to Tenant.

$($h$)$ Employee has a loss on the sale of some stock that she held for investment.

$($i$)$ Employee deducts $$1,000$ of interest on student loans.

$($j$)$ Employer pays accountant $$400$ to prepare his Federal income tax return, $$150$ of which is allocable to preparing the schedule related to the income from his sole proprietorship business.

$($k$)$ Employee is an elementary school teacher who buys $$350$ worth of classroom materials in the current year.

$($l$)$ Investor Higgins, who owns a substantial interest in X Co$.,$ incurs transportation, meals, and lodging expenses to attend X Co$.$s annual shareholder meeting.

$($m$)$ Investor Buffet, who has substantial stock holdings, rents an office, hires a staff, and incurs additional costs in relation to his investment activities.

$($n$)$ Hobby Loser has $$2,000$ of gross income from his hobby activity, and expenses from the hobby activity in excess of $$2,000.$ Under $183($b$)(2)$ he is able to deduct only $$2,000$ from the hobby.