1. Before: A 1. Calvin, and other children, convince their parents to purchase more "big 2. Shifter ticket" items for the Holidays. 3. After: B 4. Gap: 1. Before: A 2. The effect on production when a 5% excise tax is placed on several 2. Shifter resources. 3. After: B 4. Gap: 1. Before: A 3. A large purchase of U.S. wheat by 2. Shifter Russia 3. After: B 4. Gap: 1. Before: A 4. A cut in Federal spending for 2. Shifter Health Care 3. After: B 4. Gap