1) Below is an NYT (10-15-13) article titled "Elephants Get the Point of Pointing." a) Smet conducted her experiment with 11 elephants over a two-month period. Assuming that the experiment was conducted on each of 60 days. In total how many trials of her experiment were conducted-that is, what is N? b) If elephants have no ability to interpret pointing, what is their expected success rate at picking the bucket with food? If elephants had the ability to interpret pointing, would their success rate be larger or smaller than this value? c) Your answers to part b form the basis for specifying the Null and Alternative hypotheses for a test of whether elephants get the point of pointing. Conduct the test for a=.01 test d) What is the p-value of your test? Elephants Get the Point of Pointing AtanBy at elephants at the POINT To things without giving much Angered Natand Park in ready keenly aware of each other, in fact, For two months, Ms, Sniet Bestest I1 she- Daya New research, with gut that pre calitiny capacity may have made Thats. When she crunched the data af the to what a sophisticated as it real those will species easy is doingsticale. terwent, she found that the elephants By simply extending a finger, we ran picked the right backet ET5 percent of the other people kops we want to draw wonder if chyhunts could put the putt TaDe. (One year-aid human bichler do a lit. holypet it is. ing test. too, The ex te idea while te inda the better at these less, scoring 127 per . sophisticated ma pointing may be, grashalo student were conducting as ax Elephants may have a ever, babies urisily learn to de it by periment on wild elephants in Kergh The M Smail buried the the elephants could deep social intelligence dephicti could dust East bindday. "If you don't get that allow her painting whether the suck out 're drawing your attention be an as- that rivals humans' trails of people from birdben joe's of whole armi ce just need her braid. And wheni she simply stood between the buck- they'll get crop) said Richard W. in some ways. dotting. Somtimes, Dr. Bythe noticed, t, a Hologist at the University of St the cboplants would curt up their trailis ots, by contrast, the elephants stuck their FEWEL aiming that and the squice of the smell turkd in the buckets at randon. han scientists test other specint, they "Maybe they were pointing." Dr. Byree Ma. Roust and DF. Byrse published their that painting is a fare gitt is the aid- said. "but se don't know that They could melts Thorsday in the journal Current Is linglom. Dren our cloinit relatives, be just sriffing the broour." chimpanzees, don't seem to put the The logical way to start exploring this The scientists word able to rule out the d of printing. possibility would be to give elephants the pesubcity that the elephants learned to aha at De ilyme and his graduale Rocket working test. But there giant mammals beelate pointing with food over the course a Biood now say they have discovered ire a bot tice challenging to work with of the experiments. "They were just as animals that also appear to ander- this i poodle In fact, if wain't wail bit good on Trial L' mit De Byrne, J pointing. elephants The study, in- year that one of Do. Byrie's students Ms. Okifor rewatchers wire hirgund ban ing just 18 clogbarr, is hardly the last Sneed, was the to ruin the test. autoin about drawing conclusions from d on the subject. But it raises a pravoc. He Smet traveled to Zintalive, wheres the sandy. Discs Reins, an expert on oh- pontiacy that elephants have a dorp company cabal Wil Hochzook ofers cle pleasit corrution at Hunter College, won ed ineiligance that title fromare' in phant back safaris, Fach morning. while Bored # the elephants had already learned WaTL the elephants were waring to take Bocrisis about pointing by observing their handlers searchers ove a smaple but powerful on a trip, Mr. Sans would act up the buck pointing te each other. to see if urinals understand pointing its behind a screen. "In these elephant camps such apporty. y pit food in one of two identical con- An elephant habder would bein one of ahties can easily go unnoticed by their lar ers and then steady point of the one a few yards away from ber man caretakers," said Dy. Rbegan food in it Than they welt to see which The elephant watched Ja Seat lower D Byrae and his. Smet plan to actdress pieces of fruit behind the soreon and pat it question and investigate whether wad hale primates and most other animals them lato are of the beckets. But the le Septrandy cant poort to each other have been studied fad the test a bear plant courtn't sine which bucket she pill close us want to revisit visual sit. done well Ment of them are dorries the max as sale by elephants but elephants," said Me ed mammals, with dogs proving to be 21 actually checked that for shoplast Smit cially good at understanding ponting Do. Byrae in abe prices to know shearth refe readli have prompted some te MS. ariel Ben Brought the bockets out er any other highly social wid mammals chris Iti speculate that daring donates from behind the perren and stood between can also plus the pointing teat Whaice and lent, inimila evolve to become keenly them. She pointed at the one with the trust iptans would be at the top of his list, tan re of Jumass. Others have made a al- inside, and the handler wailed the cha te lin't holding his breath for Iton asperj of argument: they propose that the past towand the bocuts. its, Sopet smart meats to be palshed. "They radio ed I ancestors of species like dogs were at which bucket it snack its gunk in first phants lick easy to work with" be said