1. Change will become more complex when it enters the realm of implementation. At the implementation stage, it is necessary to finalize the change approach action through various considerations so that the change process does not lead to failure. Managers have a very significant role in carrying out this transformation. Even if a failure has occurred, at least there have been new steps that have enabled management to explore the failure so that it does not recur and be able to determine anticipatory actions and risk mitigation in subsequent changes. Kotter (2012) describes 8 reasons for the failure of the transformation of change. The locus of our discussion is as follows: In your opinion, on one of the main causes that often lead to failure of change? Give real examples that you have experienced or know about, and how alternative approaches are appropriate. 2. Regarding the approach of the change contingency theory, there are 4 aspects in carrying out change management. Name and explain! There is no formula that is always accurate in managing the change process, it can start from the top-down and vice versa or a combination of both. What do you know about Stace-Dunphy's Contingency for Change Implementation