1. Currently about 8 million tons of plastic are added to our oceans each year, and there is concern that may double by 2025. Unfortunately the "plastic debris kills an estimated 100,000 marine mammals annually, as well as millions of birds and fish" and has led to "plastic micro-pollution, with its inherent toxicity and consequences on the food chain". When plastic breaks down the chemicals released disrupt hormones and reproduction, and are carcinogenic and toxic (http://plastic-pollution.org/, April 2016) . Based on the Coase Theorem, why might it be desirable for the government to be involved in this issue? What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of the 5 usual alternative approaches to dealing with externalities in terms of these problems? Which approach(es) would you recommend for this issue? 2. a) What is Social Security? b) How does Social Security work? c) Why are some problems with Social Security anticipated? d) What are some alternatives for dealing with these problems