1. Describe the process in meiosis that ensures that both maternal and paternal chromosomes are passed on to each Spermatozoon

2. Explain why the genetic content of individual chromosomes in a spermatozoon most likely differs from the genetic content of individual chromosomes in a primary spermatocyte

3. In some instances, meiosis of a primary spermatocyte with six chromosomes results in two spermatozoa that contain four chromosomes and two spermatozoa that contain two chromosomes. Predict the most likely cause

4. A student claims that if the animal producing the spermatozoa has a mutation in a mitochondrial gene, the probability that any offspring will inherit the mutation is zero. Provide evidence to support this claim

Primary spermatocytes are diploid (2n) cells with all of the organelles typically found in eukaryotic animal cells. A representation of spermatogenesis from a primary spermatocyte with six chromosomes is shown in Figure 1. Secondary Spermatocytes Spermatids Figure 1. A representation of spermatogenesis Spermatozoa Primary Spermatocyte Meiosis I Meiosis II