1.)

Dewayne Gibbons of Burger King decided to introduce a new sliced chicken sandwich without consulting any of his subordinates or the franchise. Managers who use this style of decision making exhibit the _____ style of leadership.

A) one dimensional

B) closed-door

C) consultative

D) autocratic

E) autocratic laissez-faire

______ is the practice of giving a great deal of authority and decision-making freedom to lower-level managers.

A) Decentralization

B) Functionalization

C) Subordination

D) Centralization