1. During most of modern history, the norm of "__________" prohibited states from intervening in the internal affairs of other recognized states.

a.

Humanitarianism

b.

Non-intervention

c.

Democracy

d.

Domestic affairs

2. According to the 2001 ICISS Report 'Responsibility to Protect', a generalized responsibility exists for states to intervene through a variety of means to protect civilians on humanitarian grounds. According to the report, which cases of human rights violations can justify intervention?

a.

Political repression

b.

b and c only

c.

Crimes against humanity

d.

Genocide

3. ___________ include people who have been jailed because of their political, religious or other conscientiously-held beliefs, ethnic origin, sex, colour, language, national or social origin, economic status, birth, sexual orientation or other status, provided that they have neither used nor advocated violence.

a.

Conscientious objectors

b.

Gross human rights violators

c.

Those named on security certificates

d.

Prisoners of conscience

4. _______________concerns the behaviour of states or governments that has external ramifications. It includes diplomatic and military relations as well as cultural, economic, technological and ecological interests.

a.

Foreign policy

b.

Domestic policy

c.

Social policy

d.

Humanitarian policy

5. This aspect of economic globalization consists of corporations building plants in another country or acquiring a controlling interest (more than 10% of stock) in an existing overseas company.

a.

Foreign direct investment

b.

Structural adjustment

c.

Conditionality

d.

Portfolio investment

6. Under international law why are internally displaced people worse off than refugees?

a.

Agencies seeking to help persons who have not crossed a border require permission, in from the very political authorities who are responsible for the displacement and suffering in the first place.

b.

They are underdefined

c.

They have more money

d.

Refugees are able to take more with them when they are forced to leave their homes.

7. Whatever the motivation, what is the one characteristic shared by all torturers?

a.

They are young, and hence more susceptible to pressure from authorities.

b.

They come from poor economic backgrounds.

c.

They are diagnosed as mentally ill.

d.

They believe they can get away with torturing people, i.e. impunity.

8. Which was the first country to abolish virtually all forms of torture?

a.

France

b.

England

c.

Prussia

d.

Sweden

9. According to the 1951 UN Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, who is a refugee?

a.

Any person who has been forcibly uprooted because of persecution of violence and who has remained in his or her country of origin.

b.

Any person who has been forcibly uprooted because of persecution or violence, regardless of whether he or she has left their country of origin or remained within its borders.

c.

Any person who, owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his or her nationality and is unable or owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself or herself of the protection of that country.

d.

Any person who does not find protection and safety in nearby host countries and travels across continents, often to the industrialized western countries.

10. Referred to as _____________by O'Byrne, this strategy helps torturers rationalize the internal conflicts they experience by reassuring themselves that all responsibility for their actions will fall upon their leaders:

a.

Social closure

b.

Blame-shifting

c.

Deference to authority

d.

True believers

11. Followers of this theory contend that, when push comes to shove, human rights are very low on the list of national policy goals. This explains the prevalence of double standards in international diplomacy.

a.

Liberalism

b.

Realism

c.

Marxism

d.

Constructivism

12. Which of the following acts as a last resort for prosecuting individuals alleged to have committed war crimes and other human rights atrocities, but only in states that have accepted its jurisdiction?

a.

The Security Council

b.

The International Criminal Court

c.

Treaty monitoring bodies

d.

The Human Rights Council

13. Throughout the 1990s this flexible, savvy, outspoken entity played a key role in challenging military regimes in South America and in hastening the end of the Cold War in Eastern Europe.

a.

UN member states

b.

international criminal court

c.

Humanitarian Interventions United

d.

trans-national network of human rights NG)s

14. In the fight against global terrorism, governments have developed a number of arguments and practices to circumvent the absolute prohibition against torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment. How did the United States attempt to re-define torture?

a.

Backing out of the UN Convention Against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT).

b.

Vetoing the prohibition of torture at the UN Security Council

c.

Changing their domestic laws to allow torture under a specific set of circumstances.

d.

Playing with the meaning of "severe pain" and proposing to insert the word "extremely" before the words "severe pain or suffering."

15. Only a minority of the world's forced migrants seek asylum in the Global North. The majority remain within the borders of their own countries. What are these people called?

a.

asylum seekers

b.

undocumented migrants

c.

government-spending refugees

d.

Internally displaced people

16. Pearl Eliadis defined a ________ as regulatory agents of government with the responsibility to both promote and protect human rights.

a.

human rights tribunals

b.

sentencing circles

c.

human rights commissions

d.

statutory rights enterprises

17. Which of the following is defined as the use of diplomatic, economic, and military resources by one or more states or international organizations intended primarily to protect civilians who are endangered in another state?

a.

Humanitarian relief

b.

Asylum seeking

c.

Peacekeeping

d.

Humanitarian intervention

18. The U.S. war on terror has put this specific interrogation technique under scrutiny. It is still unclear as to whether it constitutes 'torture.'

a.

water boarding

b.

sleep deprivation

c.

food deprivation

d.

electric shock

19. According to the Genocide Convention, a genocide must involve the following element:

a.

all of these choices

b.

Persecution of an individual or group usually for political reasons

c.

Intent to destroy a group

d.

Objective of intimidating political opponents

20. Unlike many other NHRIs around the world, Canada's NHRIs:

a.

Canadian NHRIs have jurisdiction over the military and border controls

b.

Canadian NHRIs tend to be limited to dealing with specific types of rights

c.

Canadian NHRIs are not permitted to accept individual complaints

d.

Canada does not structure its NHRIs as commissions

21. Which of the following best describes the movement of people either across international borders or within a country to circumstances of exploitation?

a.

people smuggling

b.

transnational migration

c.

human trafficking

d.

migrant smuggling

22. Under which principle are the relations between the government and its people considered an internal matter? In other words, nations are essentially free to treat their citizens as they see fit.

a.

hegemony

b.

relativism

c.

sovereignty

d.

non-refoulement

23. According to the UN Charter, under which circumstances could the general provision of non-intervention in domestic affairs of states be ruled out, and intervention justified?

a.

Whenever the national government is unable or unwilling to stop human rights abuses taking place in their territory.

b.

When countries enter into a recession

c.

In response to a threat to international peace and security

d.

Wen the Unites States chooses to do so

24. The idea that we should not permit harmful ideas and arguments to circulate because many people who do not know better may be persuaded by them and the force of the idea will become stronger, is often referred to as:

a.

The prioritization of security thesis

b.

Baudrillard's "implosion of meaning" thesis

c.

The "oxygen of publicity"

d.

The concept of the "marketplace of ideas"

25. Among the following philosophers, who argued that, under a narrow set of circumstances, torture is not only defensible but morally obligatory?

a.

Voltaire

b.

Jeremy Bentham

c.

Jurgen Habermas

d.

Cesare Beccaria