1. Explain how Musk's actions may have impacted on the organisational culture of Twitter. You may argue this either from the positive or negative position.Note: The answer needs to relate to one (or more) theories, ideas of study management of organisation

Twitter - The Chief Twit There is no question that Musk's behaviours since taking over as CEO of Twitter have harmed the company. Beyond the treatment of staff, as well as the consequent impacts on Twitter's operations from the rapid state of change, Musk's decisions to support "free speech", and reinstate a number of previously banned accounts (including Trump's), resulted in a wave of Twitter is an online social media and networking platform. People using Twitter can send and respond in 280-character-long antisemitic trolling and other forms of hate speech. Ironically, he also suspended anti-right wing accounts and removed messages (initially 140 characters), referred to as "tweets". Twitter's previous policy of prohibiting Covid-19 misinformation. Based in San Francisco by 2019 Twitter reportedly had almost 350 million monthly active users, although it should be noted that the majority of "tweets" are sent by a minority of people (the Pareto effect), and there are claims that up to 20% of the These changes impacted on a range of companies who reduced or limited their ad spending on Twitter, which further accounts are what are referred to as "fake" accounts. impacted on the bottom line of the company, and furthered the imperative to monetize the platform. For example, large On October 27, 2022, after a six-month legal case where he initially tried to cancel the purchase agreement, Elon Musk companies including Pfizer and Audi reduced their ad spend. Likewise the decision to be the advocate for "free speech" purchased Twitter for US$44 billion. Almost immediately Musk fired its CEO, Parag Agrawal as well as a number of other impacted on other potential income sources. One of the most critical is Twitter's access to the digital storefronts of Apple senior executives, including the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and General Counsel (GC). Musk then stepped into the and Google. If Twitter is banned from these platforms, access to millions of potential users is closed off, impacting on the position of CEO, dissolving Twitter's Board of Directors. company's future bottom line. At this point Musk developed what he referred to as the "war room", a small group of insiders that would assist Musk in Professor of Human Resource Studies at Cornell University Rebecca Kehoe notes that Musk's actions present a clear his plans for Twitter. The members of the war room were largely investors in the Twitter takeover bid as well as previous indication of how not to treat employees. associates of Musk, typically with limited experience in social media and the roles they were tasked to undertake. The group was to consider how to overhaul the app and monetize it more effectively, as well as to consider ways to achieve cost savings "With predictions of a looming recession, we are likely to see more companies facing difficult workforce - largely through reducing the size of Twitter's workforce. Within a week Musk took Twitter private, with shares ceasing decisions in the coming months. The recent chain of events at Twitter is a case study for other companies in trading and the company delisted from the New York Stock Exchange shortly afterwards. how not to treat employees in a company's difficult times. It's not surprising to see a mass exodus of employees who have seen their colleagues and leaders abruptly laid off and who have been given an ultimatum where This is when the real fun started! At this stage Musk implemented a very authoritarian approach to people management. In the alternative to leaving requires committing themselves to gruelling working conditions in service of a CEO a widely publicised move he laid off 3700 employees from Twitter - a figure which represented about half the organisations who has signalled no regard for their wellbeing or worth". workforce. Of note was the total lack of consultation with staff, with most realising they had been dismissed only when "Building employee commitment to a company's values requires trust, mutual investment, and time. Elon Musk they could no longer log into their computers. Further he imposed restrictions on staff work patterns, requiring employees has offered Twitter's employees none of these, and the employee response is clear." to work only within the office and not at home, and cancelling employee lunch breaks. (SOURCE: https:/ews.cornell.edu/media-relations/tip-sheets/musks-twitter-case-study-how-not-treat-employees) However, this then progressed further. Musk directed the remaining staff to extend their working hours in order to meet the deadlines Musk had directed for his intended changes to Twitter, including monetizing the platform more effectively through Indeed Musk's treatment of employees is not new. He has dismissed staff on a whim at multiple previous companies strategies such as paid verification ("blue ticks"). However, the reality of such strategies was criticised as impractical and (including Tesla and Space X) and has overseen large scale layoffs at Telsa. His actions at Twitter also may have breached open to exploitation. The speed and rapidity of the changes Musk was implementing caused widespread chaos and turmoil U.S state and federal labour laws, with many staff not being provided their minimum severance payments. Further there is within the company as remaining staff tried to both keep up with the changing playing field from Musk's directives, as well some evidence that the staff that were fired represented a notably disproportionate number of people from diversity groups as keep the platform running and operation. (i.e., not white, middle-aged, Anglo-Celtic men). It is clear that Musk's approach to management and leadership is on the surface antithetical to the notion of leading and By mid-November 2022 Musk sent an email to all staff, and demanded that they commit to "extremely hardcore" work in managing as inspiring and motivating people. His approach seems more akin to viewing staff as merely parts of a machine, order to realize Musk's vision of "Twitter 2.0", or to resign from the company. The email further stated that "only exceptional tools to achieve ends. It will be interesting to see how this plays out over the next 12-24 months. performance will constitute a passing grade". The deadline for response was only just over 24 hours. As a consequence, close to 1000 of the remaining staff chose resignation