1. explain Network topology, Communication links, bandwidths

2.Give one scenario where there is a network congestion and cost of congestion graph.

Calculate loss for 1500 byte segments, 100ms RTT, 10Gbps throughput.

3.a.Explain Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN)

b.principles of congestion control

c.TCP congestion control

4.explain Go-back-N and selective pipelined protocols.

5.Suppose that a Web server runs in Host C on port 80. Suppose this web server uses persistent connections and is currently receiving requests from two different Hosts A and B. Are all of the requests being sent through the same socket at Host C? If they are being passed through different sockets, do both of the sockets have post 80? Discuss and explain.

6. a. Give a trace of the operation of protocol rdt3.0 when data packets and acknowledgement packets are grabled.

b. What is the meaning of positive and negative acknowledgement?

7.a, explain Multiplexing/demultiplexing of TCP and UDP

b. explain TCP/UDP segment format

c. Developing a new network application for the Internet often requires one to decide whether to choose UDP or TCP.

8.explain Socket programming

9.List the four broad classes of services that a transport protocol can provide. For each o f the service classes, indicate if either UDP or TCP (or both) provides such as service.

10 .TCP can be enhanced with SSL to provide process-to-process security services, indicating encryption. Does SSL operate at the transport layer or the application layer? If the application developer wants TCP to be enhanced with SSL, what does the developer have to do?

11.Consider an e-commerce site that wants to keep a purchase record for each of its customers. Describe how this can be done with cookies.

12..Suppose Alice, with a web-based email account (such as Hotmail or gmail), sends a message to Bob, who accesses his mail from his mail server using POP3. Discuss how the message gets from Alice's host to Bob's host. Be sure to list the series of application layer protocols that are used to move the message between the two hosts.

13. a. Give an example for DNS name resolution.

b. What are 5 generic tasks for data link layer?

14.What is

a.an application-layer message?

b.transport-layer segment?

c. network-layer datagram?

d. link-layer frame?

15 describe and explain below

a.SDLC

b.PDIOO Network Life Cycle

c.OSI Layers

d.CISCO IOS modes and commands