1). Explain the Fed's three tools of monetary policy and how each is used to change the money supply. Does each tool affect the monetary base or the money multiplier?

2). Suppose everything else equal; a) the Central Bank raises the reserve requirement to 20 percent, b) the currency deposit ratio rises to 60 percent. Which development, a) or b) will affect the money multiplier more? Why?

3). Suppose the Central Bank of Turkey starts to pay interest on reserves. Under what circumstances this would affect the short term policy interest rate?