1. Externalities - Definition and examples An externality arises when a firm or person engages in an activity that affects the wellbeing of a third party, yet neither pays nor receives any compensation for that effect. If the impact on the third party is adverse, it is called a externality. The following graph shows the demand and supply curves for a good with this type of externality. The dashed drop lines on the graph reflect the market equilibrium price and quantity for this good. Adjust one or both of the curves to reflect the presence of the externality. If the social cost of producing the good is not equal to the private cost, then you should drag the supply curve to reflect the social costs of producing the good; similarly, if the social value of producing the good is not equal to the private value, then you should drag the demand curve to reflect the social value of consuming the good. (?) O Supply Demand Supply PRICE (Dollars per unit) Demand QUANTITY (Units) With this type of externality, in the absence of government intervention, the market equilibrium quantity produced will be than the socially optimal quantity. Which of the following generate the type of externality previously described? Check all that apply. Your roommate Kenji has bought a bird that keeps you up at night with its chirping The local airport has doubled the number of runways, causing additional noise pollution for the surrounding residents. O Eric has planted several trees in his backyard that increase the beauty of the neighborhood, especially during the fall foliage season. A leading software company has decided to increase its research budget for inventing new open-source technologies