1. For a system with two levels of cache, define Tel-first-level cache access time; Tc2-second-level cache access time; Tm-memory access time; H1 first-level cache hit ratio, H2=combined first/second level cache hit ratio. Provide an equation for Ta for a read operation. Chapter 5: 2. What are the differences among direct mapping, associative mapping, and set-associative mapping? 3. For a direct-mapped cache, a main memory address is viewed as consisting of three fields. List and define the three fields. 4. For an associative cache, a main memory address is viewed as consisting of two fields. List and define the two fields. 5. For a set-associative cache, a main memory address is viewed as consisting of three fields. List and define the three fields. 6. A cache has a line size of 64 bytes. To determine which byte within a cache line an address points to how many bits are in the Offset field? 7. A set-associative cache consists of 64 lines, or slots, divided into four-line sets. Main memory contains 4K blocks of 128 words each Show the format of main memory addresses. 8. A two-way set-associative cache has lines of 16 bytes and a total size of 8 kB. The 64-MB main memory is byte addressable. Show the format of main memory addresses