1. From time immemorial, expectant parents have wanted to predict the gender of their baby before birth. Hippocrates, in ancient Greece, observed that a woman who carried a female baby "had a pale face" while a woman who carried a male baby "had a healthy tone to her skin". Researchers in Sweden wondered if this might be related to "morning sickness" and carried out a study to determine if women who suffer severe morning sickness are more likely to produce baby girls than women who do not suffer morning sickness. Based on birth records for millions of babies, the proportion of newborn babies in Sweden that are female is P = 0.51. The investigators looked at records for 1000 women admitted to hospitals for severe morning sickness and determined that the proportion of these women who gave birth to a female baby was P = 0.56. Do these data provide sufficient evidence to claim that pregnant women who suffer severe morning sickness are more likely to produce female babies? (Adapted from the study Askling, J., et al. 1999. Sickness in pregnancy and sex of child. Lancet 354: 2053) a. State the Null and alternative hypotheses appropriate for this experiment. Ho: b. Describe the sampling distribution of P assuming Ho is true. Center: E(P)= Spread: O p Shape: 7.1 C. Given the values for E( P ) and o p , scale the X-axis of the sampling distribution above. and shade the area under the curve that represents P [ P 2 0.56 if P = 0.51]. This area corresponds to the p-value. Determine this probability. Show all work. Explain what this sampling distribution represents in terms someone unfamiliar with statistics could understand. e. Describe the meaning of the p-value in terms a non-scientist could understand f. Based on this p-value state your conclusion with regard to the original question. g. Explain the logical sequence of thought that connects the p-value to your conclusion. h. Once you have drawn your conclusion, this p-value now has another interpretation. Describe this second interpretation