1) Heifetz critiques theories of leadership that focus on an individual's characteristics or the authority of a given role as the critical characteristics of leadership, suggesting instead that we understand leadership as an activity. What do you think about this view? Share an example that provides insight into your perspective.

2) Heifetz defines the problems to be solved through adaptive leadership as "the disparity between values and circumstances," saying that, "to make progress, not only must invention and action change circumstances to align reality with values, but the values themselves may also have to change." What are your reactions to this view? Root your answer in a real world example, from your life, current events, or history.