1. Import the attached movie critic data. In R, to add a random effect x, use the syntax (1|x). So a line of R code may look something like:

model = lmer(score ~ (critic|1), data = data)

Use a model of this sort to fit the critic data, thinking of "critic" as a random effect. Repeat this model fitting using "critic" as a fixed effect. What is the major theoretical difference?

Data:

Movie Rating (out of 100) Critic

1 84 87

1 78 81

1 75 73

1 65 63

2 82 91

2 76 83

2 68 59

2 58 62

3 45 61

3 49 47

3 62 70

3 65 81

4 89 83

4 87 87

4 75 62

4 72 78