1. In order to perform a disk or network access, it is typically necessary for a user to have the operating system communicate with the disk or network controllers. Suppose that in a particular 500 MHz computer, it takes 1,000 cycles to trap to the OS. In addition, it takes 8 ms for the OS to perform a disk access, or 4 ms for the OS to perform a network access.

(a) In a disk access, what percentage of the delay time is spent in trapping to the OS? How about in a network access?