1. In the case "Toyota Motor Manufacturing, U.S.A., Inc." (HBR 9-693-019), what is the real problem (i.e., the deeper underlying problem) facing Doug Friesen? A. Their supplier KFS delivered defected seats for the assembly. B. Job rotation on the assembly line resulted in more defects. C. The plastic hook for seat installation resulted more defects. D. None of the above 2. When we played the Beer Game in class, for the first round of 36 weeks, the Bullwhip effect was caused by A) Order synchronization B) Trade promotion and forward buying C) Reactive and over-reactive ordering D) Order batching E) All of the above F) None of the above 3. In a newsvendor model where the demand has normal distribution, if Co < Cu, i.e., the overage cost is lower than the underage cost, then the optimal ordering quantity (i.e., the Newsvendor ordering quantity) will be A. Higher than the average demand C. The same as the average demand B. Lower than the average demand D. Either higher or lower than the average demand