#1: Introduction to Statistics. 1. Explain the difference between a statistic and a measurement? Give a definition of each and an example of each. 2. Name the scale of measurement that applies to each of the following situations (Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, or Ratio), and indicate if that measurement scale is discrete or continuous: A. James hall in 68.5 feet tall B. A survey asks you if you \"agree, somewhat agree, or disagree\" C. The most children ever birthed by one woman was 69 children (including 16 sets of twins) D. As of the writing of this question, it has been 16,018 hours since Mankind first set foot on the moon. E. Statistics is more difficult than most other classes. F. The planet mercury appears smaller than the planet Venus. G. Madeleine loves her Frye boots, but only likes her Doc Martens. 3. Explain how rationality, authority, and intuition all contribute to the scientific method. 4. Name the two subcategories of statistics we will be studying this semester, and explain what makes these two categories different. 5. Which method of knowing is used in the following example? You have been struggling to determine the underlying explanation for the sadness you have been feeling for the past couple of months. Since you haven't come up with the explanation, you give up on the struggle and decide to just go on with your life. Two days later, an explanation pops into your consciousness that you are convinced is correct. a. method of authority b. method of intuition c. scientific method d. rationalism 6. Which method of knowing is used in the following example? An individual accepts as true that black holes exist because 10 physics Nobel laureates assert such is the case. a. method of authority c. scientific method b. method of intuition d. rationalism 7. When one analyzes data based on a sample, one calculates a ________. a. parameter c. constant b. variable d. statistic 8. Mathematical methods used to draw tentative conclusions about a population based on sample data are referred to as ________. a. descriptive statistics d. random sampling b. sample statistics e. magic c. inferential statistics 9. From which of the following studies can one most reasonably determine cause and effect? a. correlational study c. naturalistic observation b. true experiment d. all these equally well 10. In inferential statistics the object is usually to generalize from a ________ to a ________. a. data; variable c. population; sample b. sample; population d. constant; variable 11. The dependent variable in an experiment is defined or identified as ________. a. the variable the experimenter d. "Early Education", in an experiment measures to determine if there is a real effect studying the effect of Early education on IQ b. e. a and c f. a and d the variable that is systematically manipulated by the experimenter c. "IQ", in an experiment studying the effect of Early Education on IQ 12. The table to the right contains the IQ scores, weights and test scores of 20 lumberjacks from Point Roberts in Washington State. a. How many measurements does this data contain? b. How many subjects are represented by this c. It this sample or population data? Why? d. Calculate (I.Q.) e. Calculate \"the sum of the variable 'I.Q' \" f. Calculate (score) g. The sum of the squared I.Q. values. h. The sum of the I.Q. values, squared. i. Calculate (I.Q.2) + score j. Calculate (I.Q.2) - ( (IQ)2 /N) k. What is the name of the value you calculated in part j? data? 13. Compute each of the following (and show all work for partial credit): X = {2, 2, 9, 5, 6} Y = {4, 8, 12, 8, 8} a x b (x+y) c (x+(y)) d x+ y e (x)+ (y)*N f (xy) g (y2) h (x)2 i (x(y))