1. Lydersen and Ryg (1991) used stratification techniques to estimate ringed seal populations in Svalbard fjords. The 200 km study area was divided into three zones: Zone 1 was covered with relatively new ice during the study period (March 1990) and had little snow cover, Zone 3 had a stable ice cover throughout the year, and Zone 2 was intermediate between the stable Zone 3 and the unstable Zone 1. Ringed seals need good ice to establish territories with breathing holes, and snow cover enables females to dig out birth lairs. So, it was thought that the three zones would have different seal densities. The investigators took a stratified random sample of 20% of the 200 1-km areas. In each sampled area, a Siberian husky tracked seal structures by scent and the number of breathing holes in sampled square were recorded. The following summary statistics were obtained from the data collected: Zone (h) No. of plots (N) Plots sampled (n) 68 IT Total 84 48 200 Yh 17 1.765 3.316 12 4.417 11.538 11 10.545 46.073 40 (a) Estimate the total number of breathing holes in the study region, along with its standard error; (b) If you were designing this survey, how would you allocate observations (based on the informa- tion given in the above table) to different strata if the goal is to estimate the total number of breathing holes